I was
listening to Arif Mohammed Khan, in one of his speeches, where he reveals the
conversation between Mosses and Allah, which are mentioned in the Hadiz,( one
of the holy books of Islam ). In it, Mosses said to Allah, " Oh
Allah, when you become agonized with our people, capture everything from us,
but leave our brains( intellect) alone. Allah replied, "No! When I get agonized, the
first thing that I take away from people, are their brains, rest falls apart
and collapses on its own".
Perhaps
the problem with the acromanial territory of Pakistan, which unfortunately
became a nation-state in 1947, has lost the power of critical and rational
thinking. ( A Hadiz revealed previously, has come true). If we turn back, to
the dark pages of history, and read the tragic story of partition and it's
origins, all that a normal and a sensitive person would get is a handful of
tears, or probably, into traumatization. Because the doctrinal basis of the
creation of Pakistan is Hindu hatred and persecution. In fact, it would be a
surprise for most people to know that Pakistan, was the first Islamic state.
Long before the ISIS ( Islamic State of Iraq and Syria). Because it has
claimed 1 million lives, during the partition in 1947 and 3 million lives
during the Bangladesh liberation war in 1971, and most of them were the Bangla
people. It is, in many ways a multiplier effect of violence, brute naked
savagery rattled with the ugliest form of troglodyte behavioural patterns, in
the history of India's civilization.
#The
origins of Pakistan, in British India;
Alongside
the Non-Cooperation movement, that was led by Gandhiji, the Khilafat issue
sprang up alarmingly, as Turkey witnessed a gruesome treatment by the British
in the first world war. Since the Sultan of Turkey was considered the spiritual
leader of the Muslims, it was considered to be a direct attack on Islam, and
the perception of " Islam being under threat" came about.
Thought the Ali Brothers, who spearheaded the Khilafat movement in India (
Khilafat: An ancient form of Islamic state), did not actually have any idea, of
creating a separate State for Muslims, this movement sowed the seeds of an
institutionalized division, between the Hindus and Muslims, and more
importantly, the doctrine of a separate identity of the Muslim community in the
subcontinent took a steep radicalized face. This radically infused Islamism
gained strong political immunity, when the Muslim majority provinces, started
electing the leaders of the Muslim league mainly. This lead to the demand of the
The state of Pakistan. On 23rd of March 1940, in the Lahore session, the Muslim
League, under the leadership of Mohammed Ali Jinnah, passed a resolution to
partition India and create Pakistan for Muslims. One lakh Muslim delegates took
part in this session. When, Congress under the leadership of Gandhiji raised
the slogan of "Quit India", to the British empire, Jinnah raised the
slogan " Divide and Quit". This was the level of
uncompromising determination, the Muslim league portrayed then.
Soon
after the 2nd world war, the demand and agitation for Independence of India and
partition of Pakistan arose parallelly. This culminated in the Formation of
Pakistan with Bengal and Punjab provinces being amputated from the territory of
India.
#
History and politics of partition:
Throughout
the process of negotiations that went in the formation of modern India and
two-nation theory, with its separatist nature and communal character, life was
made miserable to the people. Not just communal harmony got disrupted massively,
but even the fundamental existence, became extremely
hostile. Mohammed Ali Jinnah repudiated "the democratic system of parliamentary government on the conception of a
homogeneous nation and the method of counting heads" as impossible in
India, and publicly expressed the view that neither minority safeguards nor
separate electorates could have the Muslim from the congress raj, at the
centre. When the Congress ministries in the provinces resigned, the
Muslim League observed a day of deliverance and thanksgiving throughout India.
In
January 1940, Mr Jinnah declared that the Hindus and Muslims formed two
separate nations "who both must share the governance of their common
motherland". Three months later, in the Lahore Session of the Muslim
League ( March 1940 ), he declared that the Muslim nation must have a separate
independent state. In other words, he now advocated the establishment of
Pakistan or a federation of the Punjab, North-West frontier or Afghan province,
Kashmir, Sindh and Baluchistan in a sovereign state. The idea had been first
brought into prominence by a group of young Muslims at the time of the round
table conference, but had found no support, and was characterised by Muslim
leaders as " a student scheme ", " chimerical and impracticable
". Even the modified proposal of Sir Muhammad Iqbal for a loose federation
of Pakistan, comprising one or two Muslim states, with the rest of India, first
made in 1930, and repeated in 1939, had not been widely accepted. The idea of Pakistan
as a sovereign state was revived by Mr Jinnah and formally endorsed by the
Muslim League in 1940. From that date, all attempts at reconciliation between
the congress and the League foundered on this issue of Pakistan. The government
could also now plausibly refuse the congress demand for a national government
on the ground that the Muslims were opposed to it.
On 19th February, the British Prime Minister Clement Atlee announced that three
members of the Cabinet would visit India " to promote, in conjunction with
the leaders of Indian opinion, the early realization of full self-government in
India." Later, on 15th March, he referred to complete Independence as a
possible goal of Indian constitutional development, if Indians so chose. The
cabinet mission arrived at Delhi in March 1946 and held a series of conferences
with the leaders of the Congress and the league. As no agreement was possible
between them, the Mission issued a statement on 16th May 1946, giving in broad
outline their idea of the future government of India and laying down the
procedure for framing a detailed constitution.
The Cabinet Mission recommended a federal type of government for the whole of
India including the States. The Federal Government would deal with Foreign Affairs,
Defence and Communication, and the other powers would be vested in the
provinces and states. British India was to be divided into three groups of
provinces; one comprising Punjab, the North-West Frontier Province, Sindh
and Baluchistan; a second comprising Bengal and Assam; and the third the rest
of India.
The
Union Constitution was to be framed by a constituent assembly of 296 members
elected on a communal basis by the provincial Legislative Assemblies, and the
representatives of States which joined the Union, while the representatives of
the three groups of provinces were to meet separately to draw up the
constitution of the Provinces in each group. Each Province was given the right
to opt-out of the Federal Union after the first election of its Legislative
council under the new constitution. The Cabinet Mission further recommended the
establishment of an interim National Government by the reconstruction of the
Viceroy's Executive Council from among the leaders of the different parties.
On 6th June, the Muslim League accepted the Cabinet Mission's proposals
reiterating that the attainment of the goal of a complete sovereign Pakistan
still reminds the unalterable objective of the Muslims in India. The Congress
rejected Viceroy's Proposal for an interim Government but agreed to participate
in the Constituent Assembly to frame the Construction. The Cabinet Mission left
India on 29th June.
The Muslim League demand that the Viceroy should proceed with his scheme for an
interim Government even though the Congress would not take part in it. This the
Viceroy refused to do, for he had already declared that it was to be a
Government of all the Parties who had accepted the Cabinet Mission's plan.
There were also sharp differences between Muslim League and Congress over the
interpretation of the cabinet Mission's plan.
After a somewhat acrimonious controversy, the Muslim League formally withdrew
its acceptance of the Cabinet Mission's plan. The Viceroy thereupon, by his
previous declaration, reconstituted his Executive Council without any
representatives of the League. This complete triumph of the Congress provoked a
violent reaction among separatist Muslims, and the Muslim League fixed upon
16th August 1946, as the day of " Direct Action." On that day, while
some of the supporters of the League contented themselves with demonstrations
of a peaceful type, a rowdy section in Calcutta got completely out of control.
Many Hindus were killed and their houses and shops were looted and burnt. Soon
the Hindus retaliated and for several days, the streets of Calcutta were the
scene of communal riots of the worst type. Neither the League Ministry nor the
governor and the Viceroy, who was ultimately responsible for law and order,
miserably failed to take adequate steps to stop the Hideous violence there
disgraced the name of the first city of modern India.
The Executive Council of the
Viceroy, under the guidance of Pandit Nehru, worked as a cabinet and changed
the whole spirit and outlook of the Indian government. Lord Wavell, whose power
thus became almost non-existent, now sought to bring in the League members as a
counterpoise in the name of communal parity. He told Pandit Nehru that the
league had agreed to join the Constituent Assembly, and reconstituted the
Executive Council by including the members of that organisation. The
introduction of this new element destroyed the team spirit of the Council, as
the League members openly repudiated the Idea of collective responsibility.
What was worse, the League did not join the Constituent Assembly, and Mr Jinnah
made the startling disclosure that it had never agreed to do so. It was an
awkward situation for the Viceroy, and the British Government did nothing to
improve it when it declared, on 6th December, that if the Muslim League did not
join the Constituent Assembly, the decision of this body could not be
implemented by the British Government, so far at least as it affected the
Provinces with a Muslim majority. Nevertheless, the Constituent Assembly met on
9th December 1946, without the members of the League. The tense atmosphere
continued till 20th February 1947, when the British Government made an
important announcement of the policy. It declared its intention to quit India
by June 1948 and appointed Lord Mountbatten as Viceroy of India to arrange for
the transfer of authority from British to Indian hands.
this momentous proclamation evoked hearty enthusiasm all over
India, save in the ranks of the Muslim League, which once the Punjab and soon
extended to the North-West Frontier Province, and lootings, arson, murder, and
the violence occurred on a large scale over a wide area. These successive communal
outbreaks had a very unfortunate consequence. The Hindu and Sikhs, who had
hitherto been strongly in favour of a United India, now gradually came to
realise its impracticability, and demanded the partition of Punjab and Bengal
if Muslims refused to join the Constituent Assembly.
Lord
Mountbatten assumed office as Viceroy on 24th March 1947, and on 3rd June
broadcast the famous declaration laying down " the method by which power
will be transferred from British to Indian Hands". The main points of this
new policy may be summed up as follows:
1. If
the areas with a majority of Muslim population so desired, they should be
allowed to form a separate Dominion, and a new Constituent Assembly would
be set up for that purpose. But in that case, there would be a partition of
Bengal and Punjab if the representatives of Hindu majority districts in the Legislatures
of those Provinces so desired.
2. A
the referendum would be taken in the North-West Frontier Province to ascertain
whether it should join Pakistan or not.
3.
The district of Sylhet would be joined to the Muslim area in Bengal after the
views of the people had been ascertained by a referendum.
4.
Boundary Commissions would be set up to define the boundaries of Hindu and
Muslim Provinces in Bengal and Punjab.
5.
The legislation would be introduced in the current session of the Parliament
for immediately conferring Dominion status on India ( or the two Dominions if
the partition is decided upon), without any prejudice to the final decisions of
the Constituent Assembly ( or Assemblies) in this respect.
this historic pronouncement was received with mixed
feelings by the public. The Hindus and nationalists of all persuasions deplored
the vivisection of India, while the Muslims of the League were not fully satisfied
with the "truncated and moth-eaten Pakistan", as Mr.Jinnah once
described it.
It was, however, generally
agreed that the new scheme offered the Best practicable solution of the Indian
the problem, so far as it could be envisaged it, and the partition of Punjab and
Bengal Government, with Sir Cyril Radcliffe as Chairman of both. The Indian
independence Bill, passed by the British Parliament on 1st July 1947, without
any dissent, fixed upon 15th august, as the date of transfer of Authority.
Accordingly, at midnight on 14-15th August, a special session of the
Constituent Assembly was held in Delhi. It solemnly declared the independence
of India as a part of British Commonwealth and appointed Lord Mountbatten the
first Governor-General of the new Indian Dominion. Mr Jinnah was chosen as the
first Governor-General of Pakistan, which soon took steps to summon its own
Constituent Assembly.
#Decoding
the Pakistani deep state
Defining
a deep state: The deep state, is believed to be a clandestine network
entrenched inside the government agencies, and supposedly controls state policy
behind the scenes, while the democratically elected process and the government
office-bearers are merely figureheads who are either co-opted or become the
spokespersons to the deep, entrenched, establishment. In simple terms, the deep
the state represents "the state, within a state".
The
components of the Pakistani deep state:
1)
Military establishment and the ISI
2)
Bureaucracy or the power elites of the civil service
3)
Zamindars or the Feudal landlords
4)
The Islamist Clergy or Clerics.
all
these sections share essential commonalities. Most of them share a Punjabi
ethnicity, Urdu as a language being artificially superimposed upon themselves,
have subjected the entire Population of Pakistan to a linguistic genocide of
Punjabi, Shindi, Python, Kacchi, Baluchi, Memni, Gujrathi and a bunch of other
regional languages so, basically, these are a set of strange people, who
hate themselves ethnically and believe to be the decedents of Turks and Arabs,
who were the invaders to the Indian subcontinent from the high lands of central
Asia. The most important shared commonality is Political and Constitutionally
sanctioned Islamism. Islamism is a fascist ideology that uses
Islam as a political tool to establish its realm and to fulfil the
dream of a worldwide Caliphate. By definition, an Islamic state lays
the ground for end-of-times battle to eliminate or dominate all non-Muslims, in
particular, Jews and Hindus, referred to in the Islamist parlance as
"hanood wa Yahood". In the case of Pakistan, they follow the doctrine
of " Gazwa-e-Hind", which aims to wipe out the Hindu civilization
from the world.
1)
Military establishment and the ISI: It is famously or Rather infamously referred to Pakistan
that, " in republics, the state has the army, but in Pakistan, the
the army has the state. It is an open secret in at least the contemporary parlance
of Geopolitics. In 1958, General (later field marshal) Ayub Khan
took over the reins of Pakistan. Since then, the military has shaped the
the destiny of Pakistan, either directly or indirectly. Towards the end of the
The 1960s, Ayub had strengthened the military’s hold over the State machinery and
inaugurated a Constitution establishing a presidential form of government,
elected by “basic electors” – a concept which was as vague as it sounds.
Meanwhile, India had begun to take baby steps into the world of democracy.
Proving critics wrong, India successfully held four general elections. The
Centre, aided by several states, also introduced legislation to implement land
reforms, albeit with limited success. From the 1950s onwards, when ethnic
sentiments emerged in East Pakistan over the alleged economic and cultural
indifference by Pakistan's western wing. Separated from each other by over a
thousand miles, religion was the only common factor between the two wings of
the country. The obsession with the theory meant that ethnic and language issue
was never given serious consideration. Since the establishment of Pakistan, it
was amply made clear that Urdu would continue to be the national language of
the newly carved nation-state. Federalism as an idea never took off in
Pakistan. In 1955, four provinces of the western wing – Punjab, Sindh,
Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa – were unified under the One Unit scheme to
bring "parity" between the two wings of Pakistan. The plan also
nullified the numerical advantage of the Bengalis, ending up alienating the
eastern wing. The controversial scheme was ultimately scrapped in 1970.The
Anti-Bengali sentiment transgressed the economic realm too. The eastern wing
was discriminated in the allocation of central funds, with western wing
receiving 70 per cent of the funds between 1950 and 1970. All these factors
forced Awami leader Mujibur Rahman to seek more autonomy in the 1960s. However,
Pakistan’s military dictatorship brooked no dissent as Mujibur and fellow
leaders were jailed for their demands. Things reached the nadir when Bengali
nationalists declared independence in March 1971. Nine months later, Bangladesh
was born. While "Indira's India" was flirting with authoritarianism, a
truncated Pakistan finally saw the dawn of democracy under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
In 1973, Bhutto became Pakistan’s first democratically elected leader after
drafting the country’s third Constitution. For the first time in Pakistan's
political history, a government pursued an ideology-based policy. Bhutto
embarked on a socialist sojourn, nationalizing heavy industries, addressing
labour issues, implementing two phases of land reforms – with limited success
and improving ties with the Warsaw Pact countries. In the process, Bhutto
created a political ideology called "Bhuttoism". It was probably the
only time in subcontinent's history when both countries seemed to be on the
same page on the question of economy. While India applied the break on
authoritarianism with electing the Janata Party, Pakistan applied reverse gear
to return to dictatorship. On 5 July 1977, General Muhammad Zia ul Haq
overthrew the democratically elected Bhutto government. The racoon-eyed Zia
cruelly put his former boss Bhutto to death in an obscure murder case and went
on to rule for 11 years. Lacking a constituency of his own, Zia introduced
Sharia law in a bid to gain the approval of Islamists. While reneging on his
promise to hold elections till 1985, Zia consolidated the military as part of
Operation Cyclone – the covert US plan to back Mujahideens in Soviet-occupied
Afghanistan. Zia's policies created the mullah-military complex –
a byword for rabid Islamisation of the State machinery. The dominant moderate
voices were sidelined while Islamism gained ground in Pakistan. The general was
also single-handedly responsible for the rise of Pakistan as the
"motherboard of terrorism". When Zia was planning a non-party
the election in 1985, Rajiv Gandhi had just won the largest ever mandate in India's
history. India and Pakistan were again at the crossroads of destiny in the
mid-90s. While India was struggling with coalition politics in its 50th year of
Independence, Pakistan had elected its most powerful government. In the
February 1997 elections, Nawaz Sharif secured his second term as prime minister
with a two-third majority.1998 will go down in history as the year that changed
the strategic balance of the region. India conducted its first thermonuclear
tests — Shakti I and II — on 11 and 13 May, while Pakistan followed up with its
own tests, codenamed Chagai I and II on 28 and 30 May. A day before Atal Bihari
Vajpayee was to take oath as the leader of the first majority-enjoying
the coalition government in India’s history; General Pervez Musharraf disposed
Sharif on the night of 12 October 1999. And the reason for Vajpayee’s
ascendency to power and Sharif’s downfall was the same: Kargil War. While the bane
of terrorism binds India and Pakistan, Pakistan’s sponsorship of terrorism sets
India apart. In 2013, Pakistan saw a democratic transition of power for the
first time – a significant event in the country’s chequered democracy. However,
no Pakistan prime minister has ever completed a full five-year term. The one
who was expected to break the jinx – Sharif – was dismissed by the Pakistan
Supreme Court on corruption charges and disqualified from contesting elections.
He is currently languishing in prison and his bitter rival Imran Khan is set to
be sworn in as the next Prime Minister.
The
well known ISI (Inter-Services Intelligence ) is the mastermind of most
of these strategies, it works in tandem with the military forces in realizing
its goals and accomplishing its missions. ISI happens to be the main source
finance for all the terrorist groups and organizations that operate in
Pakistan, they are referred to as "good terrorists" in the circles of
the intelligence establishment, ISI also plays a vital role in assisting the
recruitment process and training of these terrorists. The ISPR( Inter-Services
Public Relations), a less familiar organization, which officially is the media
wing of Pakistan is the main propaganda machinery of Pakistan, that controls
virtually all the media houses in Pakistan, both print and virtual, also spread
venomous perceptions and influence the opinion of the world, mainly to flair up
anti-Indian sentiments, with well crafted vicious lies and fabricated
narratives.
Though
the army does not seem to be taking over the reins of the country anytime soon,
its influence on the government is only expected to get stronger now. there are
also some sources within the Pakistani Media, that says, Army does not want to
do a coup anymore, because it has created the power structure, in each and
every fabric of the Pakistani power structure that, without the approval and
sanction of the Army Chief, no one can sit on the chair of the Prime Minister
of Pakistan. So, it can easily be assumed that future Prime ministers will be
mere subordinates, to the Generals or stooges in the absentia of any real
power.
2)
Bureaucrats or the power elites of the civil service: They are the main hawkers,
wheeler-dealers, peddlers, brokers, middlemen and agents who work as a bridge
between the Military and Islamist clergy. This network includes diplomats as
well. This network acts as the defender in chief of all the un-holy Political
and Economic acts that Pakistan commits on its soil and also abroad, it is this
part of the deep state that constantly works towards bringing in international
funding and military assistance across the world. As an Institution, it
resembles the housekeeping staff of a Hotel that cleans up the washrooms and
disposes of the garbage. It plays a major role in hosting and organizing all
the Indo-Pak cultural ties program such as the Aman Ki Asha, which was held a
couple of years ago. Any artist or actors who knock the doors of Bollywood,
seeking opportunities need to be approved by this cartel of top Bureaucrats and
be sanctioned finally by the ISI, which indeed tells us how much trust we must
be levied on the artists who enter from Pakistan. Moreover, they are set of
feudal elites who are soaked in vicious circles of nepotism, corruption, opportunism,
and quid-pro-quos, to become filthy rich and acquire an everlasting sphere of
influence in all sections of the Pakistani society.
3)
Zamindars of the Feudal lords: perhaps
the most unidentified and often neglected amongst the circles of Intelligentsia
in India and the world are the notorious zamindars of Pakistan. They are the
most medieval and exploitative section of people in South Asia. Each one of
them owns huge tracts of land about an average of 150-200 hectares of land.
Most people who work in their lands are bonded labourers. It is estimated that
close to 90% of the agricultural labourers in Pakistan are bonded
labourers. It is very important to mention them in the deep state structure as
they act as the typhoons and undeclared dons who run the Politics of Pakistan,
who form the main source and of funding and financing the parallel economy(
Black market) of Pakistan. This chain of finances is spread over from the
military to bureaucracy and clerics to terrorist groups. So, is quite evident
that the Zamindars from the epicentre of Pakistan's malicious and notorious
nexus of the rampant mafia, that finances the deep state of Pakistan.
4)
The Islamist clergy or clerics; This is the section of people who became the ideologues of fascist
Islamism which became the first Islamic state in the world who's prime identity
was based on the religion of Islam. The entire movement of the Islamic State of
Pakistan, gained a violent momentum, in pre-independent India "Haat me
lota much me paan leke rahege Pakistan" (With a Tumbler in the hand and
paan in the mouth, we will at all cost have a Pakistan) " Urdu-sthan
Banega Pakistan" ( Pakistan will become the land of Urdu). Soon after the
partition, incidents of rape and genocide of religious minorities became common.
Incidents like Hindu women being tied to a pole, naked, gang-raped, their
breasts being cut off and left alone to bleed to death, became common in the
streets of Karachi. These events were, espoused, sponsored, advocated,
sanctioned, championed and deliberated by the clerics of Pakistan. Even today
the status of women in Pakistan is no better. They were instrumental in
literally wiping out the Hindu and Sikhs, who lived in that land, for
millennia, in peace and tandem, with a multilingual, multi-religious and
multi-ethnic communities. Today there are hardly any Hindu, Sikh or Christian
leftover in Pakistan, even though some exist, they live in extremely hostile
socio-political conditions, hiding their original religious identity. The
mullas, Maulans, Imams, muftis and qadis literally run a theocratic state in
Pakistan, without any checks and balances. They play an instrumental role in
brainwashing the youth of Pakistan to join the armed jihad and are the
religious figureheads of the Islamist terror groups and fundamentalists of
Pakistan like Laskar-e-taiba, Jamat-ud-dhava, Jaish-e-Muhammad Hizbul mujahedin.
They are the masterminds, strategist-in-chiefs, and Ideological faculty of the
terror groups and activities across the world and particularly in India.
#Doctrine
of Gazwa-e-Hind: Pakistan strongly
believes and espouses the doctrine of Gazwa-e-hind, which means the end of
Hindu civilization, and the establishment of the Islamic State in Hindustan or
India. Supposedly in one of the controversial Hadiz of Islamic theology, there
is a mention of Gazwa-e-Hind, Gazwa, in Islamic parlance, is a holy war led by
Prophet himself, which means it has a complete sanction to be sacred by the
the virtue of Allah. In that specific hadiz, it is supposedly mentioned that to
attain "qaum-e-qayamat" which means the end of times or establishment
of peace, two armies would head in two specific directions, one towards Rome,
i.e. Modern Europe and another towards Hind, which is India. The army headed
for European destruction is ISIS( Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) and the
the second army must be the Pakistani State is the belief that is vehemently
indoctrinated into most Pakistan, and only after this process is complete, the
Muslims will receive a permanent seat in Jannat ( heaven). Clerics in Pakistan
constantly preach through their sermons and fatwas, that " Pakistanis
should consider themselves fortunate that Allah has bestowed the honour to wage
the war against India to them". " The genesis of Pakistan was prophesied
to defeat India and Hinduism at the hands of Pakistan". When a country has
waged war 4 times officially, occupied Half of Kashmir's territory illegally
has amputated, punctured, bled and continues to bleed India, constantly through
its proxies and non-state actors, we are talking about establishing peace with
them, and have become frustrated and ham-stringed with our own efforts. So it's
not a paradoxical state of nature, that India is unable to come to terms with,
but with the dichotomy of peddling with a modern democratic nation-state, and
the medieval theocratic feudal state, which aims to destroy the former.
#Conclusion: Dealing with a notorious rogue nation of
Pakistan in terms of modern-day diplomatic and political negotiations has
become next to impossible. India must slowly and steadily work for the
dismemberment of the Islamic State and the deep state of Pakistan. In the
present socio-political conditions that Pakistan is traversing, establishing
peace seems an absolute illusion. Although Pakistan is facing diplomatic
isolation across the world and is losing its credibility, not only as a safe
haven to terror but also a political entity, India must work more aggressively
and strategically to amputate Pakistan, into several autonomous political
entities, so that backbone of its Islamism can be steadily broken. Pakistan is
a living testament to the bankrupt idea of an Islamic State. The success of its
enterprising and hospitable citizens stands in contrast to the failure of the
state. Imagine the possibilities of a Pakistan free from the shackles of its
Islamist tormentors.
.
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